电子商务杂志

2018-11-14 创业故事 阅读:

电子商务杂志(共10篇)

电子商务杂志(一)

求英语翻译 电子商务 在线等 急!~
Electronic commerce (E-commerce) is sharing business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks. Traditional E-commerce, conducted with the use of information technologies centering on electronic data interchange (EDI) over proprietary value-added networks, is rapidly moving to the Internet. The Internet"s World Wide Web has become the prime driver of contemporary E-commerce. This paper presents a hierarchical framework of E-commerce, consisting of three meta-levels: infrastructure, services, and products and structures, which, in turn, consist of seven functional levels. These levels of E-commerce development, as well as of analysis, range from the wide-area telecommunications infrastructure to electronic marketplaces and electronic hierarchies enabled by E-commerce. Several nodal problems are discussed that will define future development in E-commerce, including integrating electronic payment into the buying process, building a consumer marketplace, the governance of electronic business, and the new intermediation. The paper also introduces the International Journal of Electronic Commerce, which will provide an integrated view of the new E-commerce.

电子商务(电子商务)是共享商业信息,保持业务关系,并通过电信网络进行商业交易的手段.传统电子商务,信息与电子数据交换在专有增值网络(EDI)的核心技术的使用进行,迅速转移到互联网.互联网的万维网已经成为当代电子商务的主要推动者.本文介绍了电子商务的层次框架,包括三个元层次:基础设施,服务和产品结构,这反过来,七个功能级别组成.这些电子商务的发展水平,以及分析,从大范围的电信基础设施范围,电子市场和电子商务功能的电子层次.几个节点问题进行了讨论,将确定未来发展的电子商务,包括购买过程纳入电子支付,建立一个消费市场,电子业务管理,以及新的中介.文中还介绍了电子商务国际杂志,这将提供一个新的电子商务综合的观点.

电子商务杂志(二)

我国电子商务的发展历程是什么?求答案

一、 电子商务的买方市场与卖方市场
电子商务的现状网络群体的最基本特征是受过良好教育的青年人,是整个传统市场消费群中的另一类,属特殊的一类消费群体.因此,网络的需求不同于整个社会的消费需求,存在重大差异.此外,电子商务的环境和与之相适应的网络技术还待完善.现实的网络商务遵循着现有的传统商业模式,即以整个市场为导向,生产有需求、有市场的商品,借助传统的媒体宣传和网络广告,求得供求对话,并通过互联网网络完成商务活动.
  其主要特征是:第一,在供求双方对话之前,现有的网络商务仍沿袭着旧的商业运作模式.第二,网络技术帮助商品交割的完成,但在整个运作中依旧处于次要地位,仅起着促销作用.目前,电子商务的发展紧紧依赖网络群体的增长.只有当网络群体的数量和消费行为特征趋近于现有的社会群体消费市场,网络电子商务才能成为主导性的社会商务活动.所以,目前的网络电子商务尚属起步的孕育阶段,还有一个发展和完善的过程. 现有网络电子商务模式存在着固有的缺陷,表现在以下三个方面:在产品研发阶段,市场调查的主体是整个社会的消费群体而非网络消费主体,两个消费群体无论在消费行为和群体数量上都存在着重大差异.电子商务的发展完全依赖于网络群体的增长. 电子商务最根本特点是,现有的信息通讯技术已能使人与人、人与商家的商务交互活动成为现实.电子商务完全可以为个人的消费行为度身定制,问题是个人的需求并不是市场,市场是社会个人需求的整合.所以,电子商务可以辅助旧的商业模式,而旧的商业模式扼杀了电子商务的精华. 现在的市场是买方主导的市场.在网络中,全球的卖方可能面对有限的网络消费群体,与传统的商业活动中买卖双方相对平衡而言,网络中的市场更是倒向买方的市场,这对电子商务发展极为不利. 两种模式为克服现有电子商务中的重大缺陷,充分发挥电子商务的固有精华,笔者为已开展和将要从事电子商务的商家提出大买场(类似现实中的人才招聘会)电子商务模式:集合网络消费个人的需求和公司团体的需求,加上通过传统通讯方式承接的非网络消费个人和公司团体的需求,建立网上虚拟买方市场.
  其特点有: 买方的市场而非卖方的市场,有利于商务交割成功; 首先是买的请求,然后是卖的应答,而非传统上的卖的请求,买的应答;突出个性化的消费;将非网络群体也纳入了整个网络群体,最大程度地接近传统商业市场中的买方状态. 此外,作为改良现有的电子商务模式,大卖场模式/专场模式(类似现实中的时令展销会/电脑城)是卖方市场的合理模式.
未来的电子商务前景未来的电子商务模式是以买方市场为导向,以需求为中心,以竞标为手段,依托互联网和快捷的物流布局,向全球化高速发展.电子商务站点蓬勃兴起,竞争激烈.因电子商务广告发生异化,电子商务站点将在今后的很长一段时间内与现有搜索引擎站点抗衡,并逐步成为主导性的网络门户站点.伴随着全球化的电子商务发展,地区间的文化、宗教、种族等矛盾日益突出,网络犯罪增加.电子商务的高速发展将不可避免地引发制造业相互兼并整和,追求规模效应以不断降低生产成本,增加竞争能力,抵抗市场冲击.电子商务的发展还将引发全球化的高失业率,加剧社会矛盾.而以电子商务为中心的网络应用软体、网络警察和具有多元化特质的相关人才需求激增.快递公司相互兼并,仓储业和运输业相互联合,共同发展,形成强大的物流分配系统.传统的贸易公司、大型零售业日渐衰退. 尽可能将站点做成买方市场也就是集成企业、个人的各种需求的标网.这需有大的预算和财力支撑,不然很难护住大的买盘,也就很难体现出它的商业价值.因此,对于个人和小公司,其可操作性差,除非是大的公司.现在一些网站流行的集体侃价有点相似买方站点模式,但不完全是.虽然买方主导产品的价格,但它还是一个卖方市场,先有卖方提供产品,先是卖的请求,然后是买方的介入、应答.如果是买方先在网上设立买或需求的标,卖方随后介入竞标,这才是真正意义上的买方站点.
对个人和中小公司,开始提供服务似乎是必然.做特定的数据库是明智的选择.从操作上说,选择数据库类型是关键.为避免弯路,应先考察欧美已做成功的是哪种类型的数据库(美国昨天发生的事,很可能在中国明天或后天再一次发生),再慎重选择适合中国情况和自身特点的数据库类型.
  二、专业领域数据库搜索引擎
  建立数据库是一个数据量长时间积累的过程.只有当数据库的累积达到一定量的时候,它的商业价值才会体现出来,而且会从当初自己主动收集转变为他人主动加入.当数据库达到相当规模时,其商业价值日益突出.当建立与其他数据库相互互动互访时,双方数据库的价值会进一步提升.
  看看互联网新贵雅虎的成长历程,很能说明问题.
  此外,雅虎能挤垮其他的搜索引擎,但它永远也挤不垮那些拥有专业性数据库的搜索引擎.
  我们举个例子来进一步说明问题.
国内许多网站也在做数据库.最为常见的是,以某一领域的平台或门户形式出现,大量采集他人网站有价值信息,归编排队,并做大量的链结.例如一些站点本身不做新闻,但他收罗了国内几乎所有的新闻、杂志、报纸网站,来个群英大荟萃,一网打尽.这类数据库的致命缺陷是缺乏专业性.另外,收集来的信息未经过自己的加工,也很难使之体现出另一种商业价值. 所以我推荐,某些电子商务公司应重点专注于中国某地域专业领域,做特定数据库,并逐步建立与其他数据库的互动互访.

电子商务杂志(三)

New Year Ecard的中文意思
Lots of greetings on new year 两句的中文

New Year Ecard 新年电子贺卡
e表示electronic,电子的,例如email 电子邮件,e-business,电子商务,e-zine,电子杂志.
Lots of greetings on new year 新年里许多的祝福

电子商务杂志(四)

电子商务名词解释:物流管理、网络广告、虚拟社区,

物流管理是指在社会在生产过程中,根据物质资料实体流动的规律,应用管理的基本原理和科学方法,对物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督,使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合,以降低物流成本,提高物流效率和经济效益.现代物流管理是建立在系统论、信息论和控制论的基础上的.
网络广告就是在网络上做的广告.利用网站上的广告横幅、文本链接、多媒体的方法,在互联网刊登或发布广告,通过网络传递到互联网用户的一种高科技广告运作方式.与传统的四大传播媒体(报纸、杂志、电视、广播)广告及近来备受垂青的户外广告相比,网络广告具有得天独厚的优势,是实施现代营销媒体战略的重要一部分.Internet是一个全新的广告媒体,速度最快效果很理想,是中小企业扩展装大的很好途径,对于广泛开展国际业务的公司更是如此.
虚拟社区:一群主要藉由计算机网络彼此沟通的人们,他们彼此有某种程度的认识、分享某种程度的知识和信息、在很大程度上如同对待朋友般彼此关怀,从而所形成的团体.最早的关于虚拟社区的定义由瑞格尔德做出,他将其定义为“一群主要藉由计算机网络彼此沟通的人们,他们彼此有某种程度的认识、分享某种程度的知识和信息、在很大程度上如同对待朋友般彼此关怀,从而所形成的团体."【电子商务杂志】

电子商务杂志(五)

跪求一篇英汉对照的短文.要求和电子商务有关就行.800字左右.

正确选择数据采集系统
工程师经常要对很长时间内的很多信号进行监测、画图和分析产生的数据.监测、记录和分析数据在大范围内的应用趋势上升,包括设计-检定产品发展状态、环境的监测、组成物的检验、benchtop 测试和处理故障检查.
从简单的纸笔记录方法到现在所使用的复杂的数据采集系统这些应用笔记描述了你能获得、记录和分析数据的很多种不同方法和装置.讨论每一种方法的缺点和优点,然后列出一张能够指引你选择适合你实际需要的问题单.
前言
在工程上,我们有时遇到一些困难,诸如监控设备分散在大范围内,危险的工作环境很容易引发一些困难.在这种情况下,操作者可能采用视讯遥控,通过大量检测数据传输到检测室,在那里收集、存储和处理数据.
自动数据采集的控制系统能够完成很多任务,像自动定时数据监测,数据采集和存储,高度自动化为特色,大量数据存储能力和可靠功能.
自动数据采集的控制系统和显示系统优如下特点:
1 多通路数:32(根据使用者的需要增长或减少)
2 扫描持续时间:由使用者决定,最快一秒种扫描32点
3 存储容量:20G(可能增加或减少)
4显示:(a)参数表 (b)历史趋势 (c)专栏图表
5 功能:实时监测、控制和报警
6 大体尺寸:50cm×50cm×72cm
数据采集系统,正如名字所暗示的,是一种用来采集信息成文件或分析一些现象的产品或过程.在最简单的形式中,技术人员将烤箱的温度记录在一张纸上就是数据采集.随着技术的发展,通过电子设备,这个过程已经得到简化和变得比较精确、多用途和可靠.设备从简单的存储器发展到复杂的电脑系统.数据采集产品像聚焦点一样为系统服务,和一系列产品一起,诸如传感器显示温度、水流、程度或者过程.
数据采集技术在过去30到40年以来已经取得了很大的飞跃.举例来说,在 40 年以前,在一个著名的学院实验室中,为追踪用青铜做的坩埚中的温度上升情况的装置是由热电偶、继电器、查询台、一捆纸和一支铅笔.
今天的大学学生很可能在PC机上自动处理和分析数据,有很多种可供你选择的方法去采集数据.至于选择哪一种方法取决于多种因素,包括任务的复杂度、你所需要的速度和精度、你想要的证据资料等等.无论是简单的还是复杂的,数据采集系统都能够运行并发挥它的作用.
铅笔和纸
用铅笔和纸的旧方式对于一些情形仍然是可行的,而且它便宜、易获得、快速和容易开始.而你所需要的就是捕捉到多路数字信息(DMM),然后开始用手记录数据.
不幸的是这种方法容易发生错误、采集数据变慢和需要太多的人工分析.此外,它只能单通道采集数据;但是当你使用多通道DMM时,系统将很快变得非常庞大和呆笨拙.精度取决于誊写器的水平,并且你可能需要自己动手依比例输入.举例来说, 如果DMM 没有配备处理温度的传感器,旧需要动手找比例.考虑到这些限制,只有当你需要实行一个快速实验时,它才是一个可接受的方法.
长条图表记录仪
现代多种版本的长条图表记录仪允许你从多个输入取得数据.他们提供数据的长备纸记录,因为数据是图解的格式,他们易于现场采集数据.一旦建立了长条图表记录仪,在没有操作员或计算机的情况下,大多数记录仪具有足够的内部智能运行.缺点是缺乏灵活性和相对的精度低,时常限制在百分点.你能很清楚地感觉到与笔只有小的改变.在多通道内较长时间的监控,记录仪能发挥很好的作用,除此之外,它们的价值得到限制.举例来说,他们不能够与另外的装置轮流作用.其他的顾虑就是笔和纸的维护,纸的供给和数据的存储,最重要的是纸的滥用和浪费.然而,记录仪相当容易建立和操作,为数据快速而简单的分析提供永久的记录.
数字扫描传多用表
一些 benchtop DMMs 提供可选择的扫描能力.仪器的背面有一个槽孔接收一张在较多输入时能多重发讯的扫描仪卡片,通常是8到10通道的mux.固有的在仪器的前面嵌板中的受到限制.它的柔韧性也受到限制,因为它不能超过可用通道数.外部的PC机通常处理数据采集和分析.
PC机插件卡片
PC机插件卡片是单板测量系统,它利用ISA或PCI总线在PC机内扩大插槽.它们时常具有高达每秒1000的阅读速率.8到16通道是普遍的,采集的数据直接存储在电脑里,然后进行分析.因为卡片本质上是计算机的一部分,建立测试是容易的.PC机卡也相对的便宜,一部分地,因为他们以来主机PC去提供能源、机械附件和使用界面.
数据采集的选择
在缺点上,PC机插件卡片时常只有12字的容量,因此你不能察觉输入信号的小变化.此外,PC机内的电子环境经常很容易发出噪声、产生高速率的时钟和总线噪声,电子接触面限制PC机插件卡片的精度.这些插件卡片也测量一定范围的电压.为了测量其他输入信号,如电压、温度和阻力,你也许需要一些外部信号监测的器件.其它关心包括复杂的校正和全部的系统成本,尤其如果你需要购买额外信号监测器件或用PC机适应插件卡片.把这些考虑进去,如果你的需要在卡片的能力和限制范围内变动,PC机插件卡片给数据采集提供吸引人的方法.
数据电子自动记录仪
数据电子自动记录仪是典型的单机仪器,一旦配备它们, 就能测量、记录和显示数据而不需要操作员或计算机参与.它们能够处理多信号输入,有时可达120通道. 精度可与无与伦比的台式 DMMs 匹敌,由于它在22字、 0.004个百分率的精度范围内运转.一些数据电子自动记录仪有能力按比例测量,检查结果不受使用者定义的限制,而且输出为控制作信号.
使用数据电子自动记录仪的一个好处就是他们的内部监测信号.大部分能够直接地测量若干不同的输入信号,而不需要额外的信号监测器件.一个通道能够监测热电偶、温阻器(RTD)和电压.
热电偶为准确的温度测量提供具有参考价值的补偿,是很典型的配备了多路插件卡片.内设智能数据电子自动记录仪帮助你设定测量周期和具体指定每个通道的参数.一旦你全部设定好,数据电子自动记录仪就如同无与伦比的装置运行.它们存储的数据分布在内存中,能够容纳500000或更多的阅读量.
与PC机连接容易将数据传送到电脑进行进一步的分析.大多数数据电子自动记录仪可设计为柔性和简单的组态和操作, 而且经由电池包裹或其它方法,多数提供远程位置的操作选项.靠 A/ D 转换技术,一定的数据电子自动记录仪阅读的速率比较低,尤其是跟PC机插件卡片比较.然而,每秒250的阅读速率比较少见.要牢记正在测量的许多现象本质上是物理的,如温度、压力和流量,而且一般有较少的变动.此外,因为数据电子自动记录仪的监测精度,多量且平均阅读没有必要,就像它们经常在PC记插件卡片一样.
前端数据采集
前端数据采集经常做成模块而且是典型地与PC机或控制器连接.他们被用于自动化的测试中,为其它测试装备采集数据、控制和循环检测信号.发送信号测试装备的零配件.前端运转的效率是非常高的,能与速度和精度与最好的单机仪器匹敌.前端数据采集在很多模型里都能运行,包括VXI版本,如Agilent E1419A 多功能测量和VXI控制模型,还有专有的卡片升降室.虽然前端器成本已经降低,但是这些系统可能会非常贵,除非你需要提供高的运转,而查找它们的价格是禁止的.另一方面,它们的确能够提供相当多的可挠性和测量能力.
数据电子自动记录仪的应用
好的、成本低的数据电子自动记录仪有合适的通道数(20-60通道)和扫描速率相对低但对于多数工程师的普遍应用已足够.一些关键的应用包括:
•产品特征
•电子产品的热靠模切削
•环境的测试; 环境的监测
•组成物特征
•电池测试
•建筑物和计算机容量监测
•过程监测,评估和故障修理
没有哪一种数据采集系统能够适应所有情况.回答下列各问题,可能帮助你决定选哪一种数据采集系统最适合你的实际情况:
1 系统跟我的应用匹配吗?
测量方法、精度和噪声处理是什么?它扫描多快?什么传感器和支持什么测量功能?为了将来的需要,它是可升级的还是可扩张的?它是便携式的吗?它操作起来,是一个无与伦比的仪器吗?
2 它的成本是多少?
软件被包括在内,还是额外之物?它需要以信号数据片为条件吗?可靠的周期是多少?它有多容易的校正?
3 它有多容易使用?
规格能被了解吗?使用者界面如何?为新的应用,再配置有多困难?数据能容易地被转移到新的应用吗?支持哪一种应用包?
结论
数据采集能从铅笔,纸和一个测定装置发展到一个高度复杂的系统硬件仪表和软件分析工具.使用者打算购买数据采集装置或系统的第一步决定于身边的任务和想要的输出,然后选择类型和仪器符合他们的标准的范围.所有的复杂的设备和分析工具是帮助使用者理解检测对象.工具仅仅是对一个目的的一种方法.
Selecting the Right Data Acquisition System
Engineers often must monitor a handful of signals over extended periods of time, and then graph and analyze the resulting data. The need to monitor, record and analyze data arises in a wide range of applications, including the design-verification stage of product development, environmental chamber monitoring, component inspection, benchtop testing and process trouble-shooting.
This application note describes the various methods and devices you can use to acquire, record and analyze data, from the simple pen-and-paper method to using today"s sophisticated data acquisition systems. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method and provides a list of questions that will guide you in selecting the approach that best suits your needs.
Introduction
In geotechnical engineering, we sometime encounter some difficulties such as monitoring instruments distributed in a large area, dangerous environment of working site that cause some difficulty for easy access. In this case, operators may adopt remote control, by which a large amount of measured data will be transmitted to a observation room where the data are to be collected, stored and processed.
The automatic data acquisition control system is able to complete the tasks as regular automatic data monitoring, acquisition and store, featuring high automation, large data store capacity and reliable performance.
The system is composed of acquisition control system and display system, with the following features:
1. No. of Channels: 32 ( can be increased or decreased according to user"s real needs.)
2. Scanning duration: decided by user, fastest 32 points/second
3. Store capacity: 20G( may be increased or decreased)
4. Display: (a) Table of parameter (b) History tendency (c) Column graphics.
5. Function: real time monitoring control, warning
6. Overall dimension: 50cm×50cm×72cm
Data acquisition systems, as the name implies, are products and/or processes used to collect information to document or analyze some phenomenon. In the simplest form, a technician logging the temperature of an oven on a piece of paper is performing data acquisition. As technology has progressed, this type of process has been simplified and made more accurate, versatile, and reliable through electronic equipment. Equipment ranges from simple recorders to sophisticated computer systems. Data acquisition products serve as a focal point in a system, tying together a wide variety of products, such as sensors that indicate temperature, flow, level, or pressure. Some common data acquistion terms are shown below:
Data acquisition technology has taken giant leaps forward over the last 30 to 40 years. For example, 40 years ago, in a typical college lab, apparatus for tracking the temperature rise in a crucible of sodiumtungsten- bronze consisted of a thermocouple, a bridge, a lookup table, a pad of paper and a pencil.
Today"s college students are much more likely to use an automated process and analyze the data on a PC Today, numerous options are available for gathering data. The optimal choice depends on several factors, including the complexity of the task, the speed and accuracy you require, and the documentation you want. Data acquisition systems range from the simple to the complex, with a range of performance and functionality.
Pencil and paper
The old pencil and paper approach is still viable for some situations, and it is inexpensive, readily available, quick and easy to get started. All you need to do is hook up a digital multimeter (DMM) and begin recording data by hand.
Unfortunately, this method is error-prone, tends to be slow and requires extensive manual analysis. In addition, it works only for a single channel of data; while you can use multiple DMMs, the system will quickly becomes bulky and awkward. Accuracy is dependent on the transcriber"s level of fastidiousness and you may need to scale input manually. For example, if the DMM is not set up to handle temperature sensors, manual scaling will be required. Taking these limitations into account, this is often an acceptable
method when you need to perform a quick experiment.
Strip chart recorder
Modern versions of the venerable strip chart recorder allow you to capture data from several inputs. They provide a permanent paper record of the data, and because this data is in graphical format, they allow you to easily spot trends. Once set up, most recorders have sufficient internal intelligence to run unattended — without the aid of either an operator or a computer. Drawbacks include a lack of flexibility and relatively low accuracy, which is often constrained to a few percentage points. You can typically perceive only small changes in the pen plots. While recorders perform well when monitoring a few channels over a long period of time, their value can be limited. For example, they are unable to turn another device on or off. Other concerns include pen and paper maintenance, paper supply and data storage, all of which translate into paper overuse and waste. Still, recorders are fairly easy to set up and operate, and offer a permanent record of the data for quick and simple analysis.
Scanning digital multimeter
Some benchtop DMMs offer an optional scanning capability. A slot in the rear of the instrument accepts a scanner card that can multiplex between multiple inputs, with 8 to 10 channels of mux being fairly common. DMM accuracy and the functionality inherent in the instrument"s front panel are retained. Flexibility is limited in that it is not possible to expand beyond the number of channels available in the expansion slot. An external PC usually handles data acquisition and analysis.
PC plug-in cards
PC plug-in cards are single-board measurement systems that take advantage of the ISA or PCI-bus expansion slots in a PC. They often have reading rates as high as 100,000 readings per second. Counts of 8 to 16 channels are common, and acquired data is stored directly into the computer, where it can then be analyzed. Because the card is essentially part of the computer, it is easy to set up tests. PC cards also are relatively inexpensive, in part, because they rely on the host PC to provide power, the mechanical enclosure and the user interface.
Data acquisition options
In the downside, PC plug-in cards often have only 12 bits of resolution, so you can"t perceive small variations with the input signal. Furthermore, the electrical environment inside a PC tends to be noisy, with high-speed clocks and bus noise radiated throughout. Often, this electrical interference limits the accuracy of the PC plug-in card to that of a handheld DMM .These cards also measure a fairly limited range of dc voltage. To measure other input signals, such as ac voltage, temperature or resistance, you may need some sort of external signal conditioning. Additional concerns include problematic calibration and overall system cost, especially if you need to purchase additional signal conditioning accessories or a PC to accommodate the cards. Taking that into consideration, PC plug-in cards offer an attractive approach to data acquisition if your requirements fall within the capabilities and limitations of the card.
Data loggers
Data loggers are typically stand-alone instruments that, once they are setup, can measure, record and display data without operator or computer intervention. They can handle multiple inputs, in some instances up to 120 channels. Accuracy rivals that found in standalone bench DMMs, with performance in the 22-bit, 0.004-percent accuracy range. Some data loggers have the ability to scale measurements, check results against user-defined limits, and output signals for control.
One advantage of using data loggers is their built-in signal conditioning. Most are able to directly measure a number of different inputs without the need for additional signal conditioning accessories. One channel could be monitoring a thermocouple, another a resistive temperature device (RTD) and still another could be looking at voltage.
Thermocouple reference compensation for accurate temperature measurement is typically built into the multiplexer cards. A data logger"s built-in intelligence helps you set up the test routine and specify the parameters of each channel. Once you have completed the setup, data loggers can run as standalone devices, much like a recorder. They store data locally in internal memory, which can accommodate 50,000 readings or more.
PC connectivity makes it easy to transfer data to your computer for in-depth analysis. Most data loggers are designed for flexibility and simple configuration and operation, and many provide the option of remote site operation via battery packs or other methods. Depending on the A/D converter technique used, certain data loggers take readings at a relatively slow rate, especially compared to many PC plug-in cards. Still, reading speeds of 250 readings/second are not uncommon. Keep in mind that many of the phenomena being monitored are physical in nature — such as temperature, pressure and flow — and change at a fairly slow rate. Additionally, because of a data logger"s superior measurement accuracy, multiple readings and averaging are not necessary, as they often are in PC plug-in solutions.
Data acquisition front ends
Data acquisition front ends are often modular and are typically connected to a PC or controller. They are used in automated test applications for gathering data and for controlling and routing signals in other parts of the test setup. Front end performance can be very high, with speed and accuracy rivaling the best standalone instruments. Data acquisition front ends are implemented in a number of formats, including VXI versions, such as the Agilent E1419A multifunction measurement and control VXI module, and proprietary card cages.. Although front-end cost has been decreasing, these systems can be fairly expensive, and unless you require the high performance they provide, you may find their price to be prohibitive. On the plus side, they do offer considerable flexibility and measurement capability.
Data Logger Applications
A good, low-cost data logger with moderate channel count (20 - 60 channels) and a relatively slow scan rate is more than sufficient for many of the applications engineers commonly face. Some key applications include:
• Product characterization
• Thermal profiling of electronic products
• Environmental testing; environmental monitoring
• Component characterization
• Battery testing
• Building and computer room monitoring
• Process monitoring, evaluation and troubleshooting No single data acquisition system works for all applications. Answering the following questions may help you decide which will best meet your needs:
1. Does the system match my application?
What is the measurement resolution, accuracy and noise performance? How fast does it scan? What transducers and measurement functions are supported? Is it upgradeable or expandable to meet future needs? How portable is it? Can it operate as a standalone instrument?
2. How much does it cost?
Is software included, or is it extra? Does it require signal conditioning add-ons? What is the warranty period? How easy and inexpensive is it to calibrate?
3. How easy is it to use?
Can the specifications be understood? What is the user interface like? How difficult is it to reconfigure for new applications? Can data be transferred easily to new applications? Which application packages are supported?
Conclusion
Data acquisition can range from pencil, paper and a measuring device, to a highly sophisticated system of hardware instrumentation and software analysis tools. The first step for users contemplating the purchase of a data acquisition device or system is to determine the tasks at hand and the desired output, and then select the type and scope of equipment that meets their criteria. All of the sophisticated equipment and analysis tools that are available are designed to help users understand the phenomena they are monitoring. The tools are merely a means to an end.

电子商务杂志(六)

科技文献检索作业帮做下!
1.下列属于零次文献的有 ( ),属于一次文献的有 ( ),属于
二次文献的有 ( ) ,属于三次文献的有 ( ).
A 、《计算机原理》B 、《工程索引》C 、《中国百科全书》 D 、实验数据
2 检索某一作者撰写的会议论文属于信息检索类型中的( )检索\x09.
3 了解“电子商务”发展概况的统计数据应检索( )数据库.
4 检索张石主编的人民邮电出版社出版的《嵌入式系统技术教程》一书应使用( )数据库.
5 期刊具有唯一性的识别标志是( ).
6 计算机科学与技术专业核心期刊有( )(只举1种).
7 QB/T 2055-2005属( )标准.
8 ( )是目前惟一国际通用的专利文献分类和检索工具.
9 已知专利申请号200410014338.9,属 ( )专利,专利名称是( ).
10 三大检索系统是指__________,___________,_________.是国际公认的进行______检索工具,其中以_____最为重要.
11.国家图书馆属于________图书馆.
12 科技文献类型按信息加工量划分有(\x09)、(\x09)、(\x09).
13.( )是反映若干图书馆文献收藏情况的目录.
14.分类语言是用( )表达学科体系概念,( )是我国文献分类标引工作的国家标准.
15.论文《云计算环境下的数据存储》中图分类号是¬¬¬¬¬ ___.
16.在题名、摘要、全文等字段中进行的检索属于 ______ 检索.
17 .“计算机学报学报”的期刊影响因子是( ).
18.用 EI 数据库查找特定的词组numerical control,正确写法是 ________.
19 ( )搜索引擎是一种专为搜索高度相关的科学信息而设计的搜索引擎.

1.DABC
2.文献
3.
4.
5.国际标准刊号
6.计算机学报
7.企业
8.国际分类专利表
9.实用新型 易配领带
10.SCI EI ISTP 科学统计与科学评价 SCI
11.综合性研究
12.一次文献 二次文献 三次文献
13.
14.分类号 中图法
15.
16.
17.
18.(numerical control)
19.scirus

电子商务杂志(七)

翻译一下
Chinese writer Liu Cixin has become the first Asian author to win the Hugo Award for Best Novel,receiving the 2015 honor for his book, The Three-Body Problem.
The prize was announced by astronaut Kjell Lindgren in a live feed from the International SpaceStation on Sunday.
"I"m of course very happy to win this award," Liu told the Sina news website. "The Three-Bodytrilogy is my best work, but there are also places I wish I was able to revise. Since it has beenpublished, I can"t."
The Three-Body Problem is the first book in his sci-fi trilogy, which is about human responses toalien invasions. The books were originally serialized in a Chinese magazine between 2006 and2010.
The author, winner of the Chinese Science Fiction Galaxy Award in 2006 and 2010, has soldmore than a million copies of his trilogy in China.
A movie adaptation of The Three-Body Problem, which was also nominated for the 2014Nebula Award for Best Novel, is now in production and expected to hit screens in July next year.
The English edition of the first novel was published last year, and the second book, Dark Forest,released this month. The final installment, Death"s End, is still being translated.
Ken Liu, the translator, received the Hugo Award at a ceremony in Spokane, Washington, onSaturday and delivered a speech on behalf of the author. Few translated sci-fi novels enter theUS market, let alone win the Hugo Award, he said.
Liu acknowledged the work of the translator in his interview with Sina. "We won the awardtogether," he said.
The 52-year-old, who used to work as a software engineer at a power plant in Shanxi province,has written 13 books. In April, he was appointed by IT giant Tencent as its mobile gamesimagination architect.
Amazon, the e-commerce site, has included The Three-Body Problem in its list of "best booksof 2015", which is based on reviews.
Yao Haijun, deputy editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, which serialized the award-winningnovel, said on Sina Weibo that he believed Liu Cixin could repeat his Hugo Award success nextyear with Dark Forest.
"Today"s miracle might just be a start," he wrote.
【电子商务杂志】

中国作家刘慈欣成为亚洲第一作者获得雨果最佳小说奖,他的书收到2015的荣誉,三体问题。
这个奖项是由宇航员林格伦宣布Kjell在直播从国际空间站上星期日。
“我当然很高兴能赢得这个奖项,”刘告诉新浪新闻网站。三bodytrilogy是我最好的作品,但也有地方,我希望我能够修改。因为它已经发表,我不能。”
三体问题是他的科幻三部曲的第一本书,是关于人类的反应toalien入侵。该书最初连载于中国杂志在2006和2010年。
作者,对中国科幻小说银河奖得主在2006和2010,已soldmore比中国三部曲一百万份。
一个三体问题的电影改编,这也被提名为最佳小说奖的2014nebula,目前正在生产中,预计明年七月上映。
英国版的第一部小说是去年出版的,二本书,黑暗的森林,本月发布。最后的分期,死亡的结束,仍然被翻译。
刘宇昆,译者,在斯波坎,华盛顿的一次典礼上获得雨果奖,并发表在周六代表作者。几个翻译科幻小说进入美国市场,更不用说获得雨果奖,他说。
刘在接受新浪采访时承认了译者的工作。”我们赢得了awardtogether,”他说。
52岁,曾在山西省的一家发电厂工作的软件工程师,已经写了13本书。四月,他被任命为IT巨头腾讯的移动gamesimagination建筑师。
亚马逊,电子商务网站,包括在其“最佳书籍2015”名单的三体问题,这是基于回顾。
姚海军,科幻世界副总编辑,winningnovel连载奖,在新浪微博上表示,他认为刘慈欣可以与黑暗森林重复他的雨果奖成功明年。
“今天的奇迹可能只是一个开始,”他写道。

电子商务杂志(八)

是不是掌握了音标,有语法书和词典就行了?

有语法书和词典是不够的,主要是多看,多读,建议订本英语杂志,比如商务印书馆的《英语世界》是比较地道的英语,就是稍微有点深度;或者买点浅显的英语小说多看看,这样才会有语感,也会掌握英语的表达方式,再就是要多听,要精听,不是听懂大概意思,而是把每个单词都听懂,这样坚持1-2年,英语必有小成.当然学外语词典是必须的,用电子的还是纸质的就随便了,不过如果买电子的建议买好点的,这样的解释才全.

电子商务杂志(九)

马云与互联网 作文

马云大学毕业后在杭州电子工业学院教英语。1991年,他初涉商海,和朋友成立海博翻译社。1994年圣诞节后的某一天,来自西雅图的外教比尔和马云聊起了互联网。两个都不懂互联网,但这并不妨碍,两人聊得都很激动。此时的马云,已经决定创业。

1995年初,马云受托,作为翻译来到洛杉矶沟通落实一起高速公路投资,未果。马云从洛杉矶飞到西雅图找比尔。信仰互联网的比尔领马云去西雅图第一个ISP公司VBN参观。

两间很小的办公室,猫着5个对着屏幕不停敲键盘的年轻人。马云不敢碰电脑。公司的人打开Mosaic浏览器,键入Lycos.com,对马云说:“要查什么,你就在上面敲什么。”马云在上面敲了个beer,搜索出了德国啤酒、美国啤酒和日本啤酒,就没有中国啤酒。马云敲Chinese,返回是no data,马云又敲china history,找到一个50字的介绍。马云问:“为什么有些能搜索到,有些搜索不到?”公司的人告诉他:“要先做个homepage,放到网上去,然后,全世界人都能搜索到了。”

马云马上想到应该给海博翻译社做个homepage。果然,homepage一做好,马上就收到了5封来信。来自日本、美国、德国的客户来问翻译价格,最后一封来自海外的华侨,是个留学生,他对马云说:“海博翻译社是互联网上第一家中国公司。”马云感到了互联网的神奇,他兴奋地对VBN公司说:“你们在美国负责技术,我到中国找客户。咱们一起来做中国企业上网。”

1995年3月的一夜。在杭州马云的家里坐着24位朋友,都是马云4年来在夜校教书时结识的外贸人士,马云想听听这些做外贸的人对Internet的商务需求。马云说他要辞职,干Internet,并讲了整整两个小时的Internet。他讲得糊涂,大家也听得糊涂。讲完后,朋友们问了5个问题,他都没答上来。23位朋友反对马云干Internet,只有一个人说可以试试看。马云没听他们的,第二天一早便向学校辞职,然后自己凑足2万元,同时邀请杭州电子工学院计算机教师何一兵一起干Internet。

此时,互联网对于绝大部分中国人还是非常陌生的东西。即使在全球范围内,互联网也刚刚开始发展:大洋彼岸,尼葛洛庞帝刚刚写就《数字化生存》、杨致远创建雅虎还不到一年;而在北京,中国科学院教授钱华林刚刚用一根光纤接通美国互联网,收发了第一封电子邮件。

1995年4月,中国第一家互联网商业公司杭州海博电脑服务有限公司成立。三名员工是马云、马云夫人张瑛和何一兵。此时离中国电信通互联网还有4个月。

1995年5月9日,中国黄页上线,马云开始从身边的朋友做生意。他的生意经是,先向朋友描述Internet怎么怎么好,然后向他们要资料,通过EMS寄到了美国,VBN将homepage做好,打印出来,再快递寄回杭州。马云将网页的打印稿拿给朋友看,并告诉朋友在Internet上能看到。此时,离中国能上Internet还有3个月。

从涉足互联网,到创办阿里巴巴,再到对C2C、搜索引擎的拓展,马云,从三尺讲台上的一名老师成为第一个登上美国《福布斯》杂志的中国企业家。他说:“其实最大的决心并不是我对互联网有很大的信心,而是我觉得做一件事,无论失败与成功,经历就是一种成功,你去闯一闯,不行你还可以掉头;但是你如果不做,就像晚上想着千条路,早上起来仍走原路,一样的道理。”时隔多年,回忆起当年力排众议的情形,马云依然为自己的选择而叫好。

电子商务杂志(十)

英语翻译
2010年10月:XX大学第二届“班级(社团)电子团刊、主页”设计大赛中获二等奖,学会了制作电子杂志,处理意见分歧等.
2010年12月:XX大学第十届科技节志愿者,帮助维护在场人员秩序.
2011年 4 月:参加XX大学迎校庆60年体育活动定向越野比赛,获得了较好成绩,培养了良好的逻辑思维及识图能力,锻炼了毅力.
2012年 5 月:XX大学外国语学院声优大赛中获一等奖.由于团队精湛的表现和良好的合作,才得以取得这样的好成绩.·
自学能力强,喜欢语言,有扎实的专业基础,课程之外通过网校学习了商务日语、商务英语中级、韩语初级,现在正在学习中级韩语.·善于分析总结问题,苛求精细,惯于怀疑,有独立的思想见解.发生问题或意外时,能够沉着冷静地处理.喜欢挑战,积极进取.思维开阔,善于发现有创见而且合理的解决方法.·对待工作细致认真,踏实肯干,对负责的工作会付出全部的精力和热情.善于利用网络,对事物有敏锐的洞察力.做事喜欢设定计划和目标,并从不放弃.

October 2010: the XX University Second Class (Societies) Electronic the group Journal, Home Design Competition, second prize, and learned to make electronic magazine dealing with differences of opinion.
December 2010: XX University of Science and Technology Festival Tenth volunteers to help safeguard the persons present order.
April 2011: XX University welcome celebration of 60 years of orienteering competitions sports activities, to obtain better results, cultivate a good logical thinking and knowledge Figure perseverance exercise.
May 2012: XX University of Foreign Studies College seiyuu contest, won the first prize. Since the a superb team"s performance and good cooperation, was able to achieve such good results. ·
Self-learning ability, like language, have a solid foundation of professional courses outside the business classes online learning Japanese, Business English Intermediate Korean junior now learning Intermediate Korean. · Critical and analytical summary of the problem, demanding fine accustomed suspect, independent thinking insights. Problem or accident occurs, calm. Like to challenge aggressive. Visionary, adept thoughtful and reasonable solution. · Towards work carefully, practical work hard, pay all of the energy and enthusiasm of the work will be responsible for. Good use of the network, things have keen insight. To do things like set plans and goals, and never give up.

电子商务杂志

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