【一】:关系代词who和that的区别
Attributive clause
Lesson 6
Teaching Aims and Demands
1. Get the students to know the relative pron “as”.
2. Get the students to know what the functions of every relative pron are in the attributive clause.
3. Learn the difference between “who” , “that” The important points
1. The use of relative pron “ whose”, especially the language situation of it, and “in + whose + n” .
2. The difference between who and that.
The difficult points
The definite use of the relative pron of whose , and the relation with the language situation.
Teaching Methods
Communication way of teaching, discussion and group work.
8关系代词who和that的区别
共同点:
先行词都可以是人,在从句都可以做主语或宾语
This is the teacher who /that will teach us English this term.
不同点:
(1),当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 There is the person who will come to our school.www.fz173.com_关系代词who还是that。
（2）先行词是为anyone(body)、those、someone(body)、nobody everyone(body)、one all few none ,以及those 等词时，关系词用who。
Is there anyone here who will go with you? People all like those who have good manners.
(3) 先行词是人称代词时，多用who
He who knows himself is wise.
另外who可以引导非限定性定语从句,而that绝对不可以这样用.
(4) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用who 不指特定的人时多用that
The aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.
People that have not been properly trained can’t do this kind of work.
(5) 当主句是who或者是which引导的疑问句时，或者先行词就是who ,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?我们中懂得物理的人哪个不知道这个?
Who that has such a home does not love it?谁有这样的一个家而不爱它呢?
(6)、如果先等词被the only ,the very , the last等表示唯一概念的词修饰，关系代词常用that.
You are the only friend that I have.
(7) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
He talked about the teachers and schools that he
had visited.
（8）、关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.
He is not the person that he used to be.
9 关系代词whose的用法
1）指人=of whom 表示所修饰的“某（些）人的用做所修饰的先行词的所有格。
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
2) 指物=of which 表所修饰的“某物的”( whose +从句 可以用“of which +从句”代替)
I live in the room whose window faces south.
I live in the room, the window of which faces south I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be
repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
【二】:关系代词who和that的区别
关系代词who和that的区别
共同点: 先行词都可以是人,在从句都可以做主语或宾语
This is the teacher who /that will teach us English this term.
不同点: (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
There is the person who will come to our school.
(2)先行词是为anyone(body)、those、someone(body)、nobody
everyone(body)、one 、all 、few、none ,以及those 等词时，关系词用关系词用who。
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
People all like those who have good manners.
(3) 先行词是人称代词时，多用who 。
He who knows himself is wise.
另外who可以引导非限定性定语从句,而that绝对不可以这样用这样用这样用这样用.
(4)当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用who 不指特定的人时多用that
The aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.
People that have not been properly trained can’t do this kind of work.
(5)当主句是who或者是which引导的疑问句时，或者先行词就是
who,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know
this？
我们中懂得物理的人哪个不知道这个?
Who that has such a home does not love it?
谁有这样的一个家而不爱它呢?
(6)、如果先等词被the only ,the very , the last等表示唯一概念的
词，关系代词常用that
You are the only friend that I have.
(7)先行词有两个先行词，一个指人一，一个指物，关系代词应
该用that。而不用who, which.
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
（8）、关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.
He is not the person that he used to be.
【三】:关系代词who
关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which的用法
(1) 关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which的用法
英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词，又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分， 如主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：
This is the man who saved your son.
这就是救了你儿子的那个人。（who在从句中作主语，先行词是man） The man whom I met yesterday is Jim．
我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆。（whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是man）
A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.
失去父母的孩子是孤儿。（whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是child） He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.
他想要个窗户面临大海的房间。（whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是room）
[1] who，whom和whose
who和whom代表人，在从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，可省略。但若whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时，不能省略；如介词位于句末时，可以省略。whose代表某人的，在从句中作定语。如：
The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides, never decides.
坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。（who作主语） He is a man whom everybody respects.
他是一个人人都尊敬的人。（whom作宾语，可以省略）
He is a man fromwhom we all should learn.
他是我们大家都应该学习的人。 （whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前，不能省略）
（此句也可以是：He is a man (whom) we should all learn from.）
The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.
房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿。
Who, whom和whose可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表某人或某人的，此时不能用that。如：
My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.www.fz173.com_关系代词who还是that。
我姐姐回家住了几天，她是个护士。
[2] which
which代表物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略。如：
The book which helps you most are those which make you think most. 最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书。（作主语）
This is a factor which we must not neglect.
这是一个我们绝不能忽略的因素。（作宾语，可省略）
Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence?
你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿？（作介词宾语且介词位于其前时，不能省略） which可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表物。如：
The book, which I bought second-hand, is made of oak.
我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的，它是二手货。
[3] that
that可以代表事也可代表人，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，但不能用于非限制性定语从句中。代表人时who比that用的多些，代表物时that比which用的多些。如：
The letter that came this morning is from my mother.
今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的。（that代表物，在从句中作主语） Those students that failed the exam will have to take it again.
考试不及格的学生必须补考。（that代表人，在从句中作主语）
Have you forgotten about the money (that) I lent you last week?
你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗？（that代表物，在从句中作宾语，可省略） All the people (that) I invited have agreed to come.
所有我邀请了的人都同意来。（that代表人，在从句中作宾语，可省略） The hotel (that) we stayed at was both cheap and comfortable.
我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服。（that代表物，在从句中作介词宾语，可省略）
(2) 补充说明
下列情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用that，不能用which或who
[1] 当先行词中有形容词的最高级时。如：
Shakespeare is the greatest poet that English has ever had.
莎士比亚是英国所拥有的最伟大的诗人。
Is this the best that you can do? 你最多只能做到这样吗？
[2] 当先行词为代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing时。如：
Anyone that wants to succeed must work hard． 任何想要获得成功的人必须努力工作。
[3] 当先行词中有含有any, every, no, only, the first, the last, the same时。如： You are the only person that can help me. 你是唯一能帮助我的人。 Take the first chance that offers. 抓住出现的第一个机会。
(3) 没有先行词的关系代词
如果关系代词引导的从句不是作定语修饰先行词而是充当句子成分，这种关系代词就没有先行词，它只起连接作用。这种关系代词有：what, whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever等。如：
What woke me up was a splashing noise.
把我吵醒的是一阵溅水的声音。（what从句作主语）
I don't know what good they could have done.
我不知道他们能起什么好作用。（what从句作宾语）
Whoever breaks the law is punished in the end.
【四】:关于定语从句关系代词that,which,who的解析
关于定语从句关系代词that,which,who的解析
关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词www.fz173.com_关系代词who还是that。
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 Who which that
宾语 Whom which that
例1：This is the detective who came from London.
例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3:The man who(m) you are talking to is my good friend.
例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
２．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：
This is my first time that I have seen her.
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.
That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(7) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(8) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom.
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
３．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
例:Is that the house in which you live ?
(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
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