关系代词和关系副词

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关系代词和关系副词篇1:关系代词与关系副词的用法


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关系代词与关系副词的用法
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.  I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.  (对) I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?  A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.  A. where  B. that  C. on which  D. the one答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.   在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。   而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

关系代词和关系副词篇2:2016英语六级基础语法知识:关系代词


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关系代词
  1.指人的关系代词:who, whom, whose, that 的用法:
  (1)作主语(who, that )
  Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些参加比赛的人午饭后1:30在大门口集合。
  在本句中,先行词是those;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。
  The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。
  在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。
  这个复合句可以还原成两个句子:The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
  (2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;
  This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。
  在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。
  (3)当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时,不能用that,也不能省略,
  如:The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
  我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。
  但是当介词放在从句末尾时,作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。
  如上头两句可改为:
  The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
  2.指物的关系代词which和that的用法:
  (1)作主语
  This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。
  (2)作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略:
  The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。
  The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
  我一直非常注意的公司账目,是保持平衡的。
  3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物,作定语。of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
  那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。
  That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 这就是那本封皮破了的书。
  4.关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语,
  如:Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。
  5.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致: 例:These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
  6.非限定性定语从句不用that,只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例:Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟们两个人都在美国工作每个星期都给她打电话。
  7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词): 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 说明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文体中,有时用that代替关系副词
  where(=in / at which) 地点名词 地点状语
  why=(for which) 只有reason 原因状语
  例:I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

关系代词和关系副词篇3:初中生实用英语语法-选用关系代词小技巧


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 一、掌握关系代词的基本用法
  关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要的有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等,其中who和whom 只用于指人,which和as 只用于指事物,whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物,它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。如:
  A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞行的机器。(that指物,在从句中用作主语)
  I have forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了。(that指物,在从句中句作宾语)
  The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。(who指人,在从句中作主语)
  The house whose windows are broken is empty. 破了窗户的那座房子是空的。(whose指物,在从句中作定语)
  There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。(whose指人,在从句中作定语)
  He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。(as指人,在从句作表语)
  二、选用关系代词学会四看
  一看先行词的意义:即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等)。
  二看关系词的句功功能:即分清关系是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why)。
  三看定语从句的种类:即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。
  四看文体是非正式:即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体,是书面语体还是口语体。

关系代词和关系副词

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