引用英文参考文献格式

2017-05-03 论文 阅读:

【篇一】:英文参考文献标准格式

  以下是小编为大家搜集整理的英文参考文献标准格式,供大家参考和借鉴!更多资讯尽在参考文献栏目!

  【引用格式与参考文献】

  1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。

  举例:Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220).

  2. 在文末参考文献中,姓前名后,姓与名之间以逗号分隔;如有两个作者,以and连接;如有三个或三个以上作者,前面的作者以逗号分隔,最后一个作者以and连接。

  3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔,最后以“点”结束。

  4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式:

  a). 如果文献是图书,书名使用斜体。如果是文献是书中的一篇文章,请参考举例(2)

  举例: (1)Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style. (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan, (Chapter 4).

  (2) Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc. pp. 281-304

  b). 如果文献是期刊或报刊中的文章,文章名加引号,期刊报刊名不需要加引号,

  期刊举例:Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J., & Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163, 51-59

  报纸举例: Smith, Joe. (2005). 3G Economy, Whose Economy: Report of 3G Century. Report of 21st Century Economy. 20 January 2005.

  c). 如果文献是网页,请尽量包括作者,年份,题目,网址和检索的时间。

  举例:Smith, Joe. (1999). One of Volvo's core values. [Online] Available: 7, 1999)

  常见问题和错误

  1. 在英文论文中,一定不要出现汉字和中文字符。如果出现,会在英文排版系统中出现乱码。

  2. 一些标点中文和英文看上去相似,但在系统中却不一样,请注意不要在中文输入状态下输入这个标点:逗号,引号,冒号,句号,横杠,顿号,括号。

  3. 为防止出现中文字符,英文论文完成后,请使用Word中“字数统计”功能查询,“中文字符朝鲜语单词”一项应该为“0”,如果不为0,表示英文翻译中存在中文字符,请检查修改。

  4.工作单位的翻译首先到单位的网站查询英文名,当然所在单位若有自己的通用译法,按照通用的即可。一定要保证发表出来的单位译法科研处认可啊。

  解释:APA 格式 ,所谓APA 是American Psychological Association 的缩写,是学社会科学的人在写作学术论文必须要遵守的格式要求。

  【英文参考文献举例】

  1.期刊类

  【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码.

  【举例】

  [1] 周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107-109.

  [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.

  [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67.

  2.专著类

  【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.

  【举例】

  [4] 刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18,31.

  [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.

  3.报纸类

  【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).

  【举例】

  [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3).

  [7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).

  4.论文集

  【格式】[序号]作者.篇名 [C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.

  【举例】

  [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.

  [9] Spivak,G. "Can the Subaltern Speak?"[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.

  [10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.

  5.学位论文

  【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码.

  【举例】

  [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.

  6.研究报告

  【格式】[序号]作者. 篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.

  【举例】

  [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997:9-10.

  7.专利

  【格式】[序号]专利所有者.题名[P].国别:专利号,发布日期.

  【举例】

  [13] 姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[P].中国专利:881056073, 1989 07 26.

  8.标准

  【格式】[序号]标准编号,标准名称[S].

  【举例】

  [14] GB/T 16159-1996, 汉语拼音正词法基本规则 [S].

  9.条例

  【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期

  【举例】

  [15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991-06-05

  10.电子文献

  【格式】[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名.电子文献出处[电子文献及载体类型标识].或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期.

  【举例】

  [16] 王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL]. 1998 08 16/1998 10 04.

  [17] 万锦.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983 1993).英文版 [DB/CD]. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社, 1996.

  11.各种未定义类型的文献

  【格式】[序号] 主要责任者.文献题名[Z].出版地:出版者, 出版年.

  特别说明:凡出现在"参考文献"项中的标点符号都失去了其原有意义,且其中所有标点必须是半角,如果你的输入法中有半角/全解转换,则换到半角状态就可以了,如果你的输入法中没有这一转换功能,直接关闭中文输入法,在英文输入状态下输入即可.

  其实,很多输入法(如目前比较流行的搜狐输入法)都提供了四种组合:

  (1)中文标点+ 全角:这时输入的标点是这样的,:【1】-(而这时,我没有找到哪个键可以输入 / 符号)也就是说,这些符号是一定不能出现在"参考文献"中的;

  (2)中文标点+半角:这时输入的标点是这样的,:【1】-(这时,我还是没有找到哪个键可以输入 / 符号)也就是说,这些符号也不能出现在"参考文献"中的;

  上面列出的符号,中间没有任何的空格,你能看出它们有什么区别吗?我看只是-的宽度有一点点不同,其它都一样

  (3)英文标点+全角:这时输入的标点是这样的,.:[1]-/

  (4)英文标点+半角:这时输入的标点是这样的,.:[1]-/

  从这两项可以明显的看出,半角和全角其实最大的差别是所占的宽度不一样,01hn.com这一点对于数字来说最为明显,而英文标点明显要比中文标点细小很多(也许因为英文中,标点的功能没有中文那么复杂,就是说英文中标点符号的能力没有中文那么强大)

  所以,很多人在写"参考文献" 时,总是觉得用英文标点+半角很不清楚,间距也太小,其实这点完全不用担心如果你觉得真的太小不好看,就用英文标点+全角吧而在[1] 之后,一般也都有一个空格。

  对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:

  ①作者姓名采用"姓在前名在后"原则,具体格式是:姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I.Gordon.

  ②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly.

更多参考文献请点击链接!

【篇二】:英文文献的引用方法与格式

英文文献的引用方法与格式

-- APA格式

所谓APA格式是指美国心理学会 (American Psychological Association) 所出版的出版手册 (Publication Manual) 中,有关投稿该协会旗下所属二十九种期刊时必须遵守的规定而言。 学术界通称为APA格式。APA引证格式由两部分组成:论文中的文献引用与论文后面的参考文献。必须注意的是,参考文献部份与文献引用部份息息相关,引用过的文献必须出现在参考文献中,而且参考文献中的每一项文献都被引用过,两者的作者姓氏以及发表年代也必须完全一致。

一、文献引用(Citation in Text)

文献引用的目的,一方面是帮助读者进一步直接查阅有关文献的内容,另一方面是尊重与保障他人的知识产权。文献引用的方式主要有两种,一种是在行文当中直接引用作者姓氏,如:Widdowson (1978) has claimed that native speakers can better understand ungrammatical utterances with accurate vocabulary than those with accurate grammar and inaccurate vocabulary. 另一种是直接引用研究的结果或论点,如:Communicative methods have the common goals of bringing language learners into closer contact with the target language (Stern, 1981). APA文献引用的格式主要有下列几种,分述如下:

(一)作者为一个人时

例1:Stahl (1983) has demonstrated that an improvement in reading comprehension can be attributed to an increase in vocabulary knowledge. [注:若行文中提到作者姓氏,用此例所示格式引用]

例2:During the period of Grammar Translation methodology, bilingual dictionaries became common as reference tools (Kelly, 1969). [注:行文中未提到作者姓氏,用此例所示格式引用;句子本身的标点符号位于括号的后面。]

例3:…, the ability to use etymology was respected as “one way of discovering truth” (Kelly, 1969, p. 30). [注:若行文中有直接引语,须标明引语在原文中的页码。如果直接引语跨越两页(或以上),需用“pp.”;如“(Kelly, 1969, pp. 30-31)”]

如果直接引语超过40个词,所引用的材料须单列一段,左右两边内缩三到五个字符,不用双引号;用来标注引证的圆括号位于引证材料本身的标点符号后面。

例4:It follows, then, that vocabulary, as a bearer of meaning, is considered by the Natural Approach to be very important to the language acquisition process:

Acquisition depends crucially on the input being comprehensible. And

comprehensibility is dependent directly on the ability to recognize the meaning of

key elements in the utterance. Thus, acquisition will not take place without

comprehension of vocabulary. (Krashen & Terrell, 1983, p.155) [注:此例的前两行

是论文作者的叙述,其余是直接引语。因超过40个词,用此格式。]

(二)作者为两人或两人以上时

1.作者为两人时,两人的姓氏全列。

例5:Ulijin and Strother (1990) claim that “while a complete conceptual and lexical analysis may be necessary for reading comprehension, a thorough syntactic analysis is not” (p. 38). [注:页码标记在直接引语的后面。 请比较此例与例3的不同。此次论文写作不采纳:Ulijin and Strother (1990, p. 38) claim that “while „”的引证格式。]

例6:Readers tend to disregard information that seems unimportant, add information that „should‟ be there, and focus their attention on what, in their opinion, is essential (Steffensen & Joag-Dev, 1984).

[注:行文中两人的姓氏用“and”连接(例5),在圆括号内用“&” 连接(此例)。]

2.作者为三至五人时,第一次所有作者均列出,第二次以后只写出第一位作者,并加“et al.”。

例7:According to Ostny, Vandecasteele, Deville, and Kelly (1987), indispensable conditions for reading in L2 are understanding the text‟s words and the knowledge of its subject matter. [注:行文中提到作者,按此例引证。]

例8:Indispensable conditions for reading in L2 are understanding the text‟s words and the knowledge of its subject matter (Ostny, Vandecasteele, Deville, & Kelly, 1987). [注:行文中没有提到作者,按此例引证。]

例9:According to Ostny et al. (1987), indispensable conditions for reading in L2 are understanding the text‟s words and the knowledge of its subject matter. [注:第二次引证同一著作,按此例格式引证。]

3.作者为六人以上时,仅列第一位作者并加“et al.”,但在参考文献中要列出所有姓名。

(三)作者为组织、团体、或单位时

1.易产生混淆的单位、每次均用全名。引用英文参考文献格式。

2.在不产生误会的情况下,第二次以后可用缩写,但在参考文献中一律要写出全名。

例10:Proficiency level is based on the ACTEF scale developed by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (1980). [注:此例中的“the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages”为一团体。]

(四)未标明作者(如法令、报纸社论)时

1.未标明作者的著作,使用著作名的前二、三个词汇(忽略冠词)作为引证标注。每个词汇都需大写,且用斜体。

例11: There are certain exceptions in the case of comprehension tests, including the Edinburgh

Reading Tests (1973). [注:在此例中,书名“Edinburgh Reading Tests”作为引证标注。]

2、未标明作者的文章,把引用文章的篇名或章名当作作者并加双引号。

例12:on free care (“Study Finds,” 1982) [注:在此例中,章名“Study Finds”作为作者用做引证标注。]

二、参考文献(References)

参考文献中的条目先英文后中文;英文部分按作者姓氏的英文字母顺序排列;中文部分按作者姓氏的拼音顺序排列。参考文献中不要用“1、2、3 ...”一类的序号标记。下面是学术论文中各种常用的参考文献的撰写格式。

(一)书籍

1.未标明作者或编者时

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster.

[注:书名用斜体,只有第一个词的首字母大写,其它(专有名词除外)均为小写;下同。“Springfield, MA”为出版地点,Merriam Webster为出版商。]

2.作者为一人时

Baddeley, A. D. (1999). Essentials of human memory. Hove, England: Psychology Press. [注:作者的姓与名须倒置,即:姓在前,名在后。]

3.作者为两人时

Beck, C. A. J., & Sales, B. D. (2001). Family mediation: Facts, myths, and future prospects.

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. [注:两个作者的姓与名都倒置,二个作者用“&”连接。书名中冒号后的第一个词“Facts” 首字母大写,这是因为副标题的第一个词的首字母须大写。如果条目跨行,第一行顶格,第二行内缩三至五个字符,如此例所示。]

4.作者为一团体或组织

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1991). Estimated resident population by age and sex in statistical

local areas, New South Wales, June 1990

(No. 3209.1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author.

(二)文集

Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological interventions with

minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. [注:在文集编者姓名后加“(Eds.)”。]

文集中的文章

Massaro, D. (1992). Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception. In H. L. Pick

Jr., P. van den Broek, & D. C. Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues (pp. 51-84). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. [注;文章名为正体,文集名用斜体;在 “In”后面,编者姓与名不倒置;须标明文章在文集中的起止页码。]

(三)百科全书或辞书

1.百科全书或词典

Sadie, S.

(Eds.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians (6th ed., Vols. 1-20). London:

Macmillan.

2.百科全书中的文章

Bergman,

P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501- 508). Chicago:

Encyclopedia Britannica. [注;文章名为正体,百科全书名用斜体,只有第一个词汇的首字母大写,其它小写;“Britannica”是专有名词,所以仍然大写。注意 “In”的使用。]

(四)期刊、杂志、新闻文献

1.作者为一人的期刊文章

Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin,

126, 910-924. [注;文章名为正体。期刊名为斜体,且所有词汇的首字母均为大写。

须标明文章在期刊中的起止页码。]

2.作者为两人的期刊文章

moski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting

Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.

3.作者为两人以上的期刊文章

witz, K. J., Mannarion, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000). Treatment for sexually abused

children and adolescents. American Psychologist,

55, 1040-1049.

4.杂志上的文章

Kandel, E. R., & Squire, L. R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific

barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science, 290,

1113-1120.

5.无标明作者的报刊上的文章

New drug appears to sharply cut risk of

death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12. [注;文章名为正体;报

刊名为斜体,且所有词汇的首字母均为大写(如果不是第一个词,冠词、介词可小写)。“A12”中的“A”表示版别。]

6.作者为一人的报刊上的文章

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30).

Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.

(五)电子媒体资料

1.纸质期刊、杂志、新闻报刊上的文章的电子版本

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S.,

& Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology

undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. [注意“[Electronic version]”的使用。]

2.网页上的文章

Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and

well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2005, from [注意“Retrieved”的使

【篇三】:英文参考文献引用格式

英文参考文献引用格式

英文文献与中文文献的引用格式有所不同,最常用的是MLA和APA两种。从出版日期所放的位置来看,中文文献的引用格式更靠近MLA. Available: 2 Oct 2002.

MLA STYLE

by Marilyn Morgan, Beth Britt, Jim Oldham, Lisa Palmer, and

Maureen Murphy

Introduction

The Modern Language Association (MLA) publishes a style manual used primarily by scholars in literature and the humanities. The most recent edition is MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 4th Edition, by Joseph Gibaldi, Modern Language Association of America, 1995. For more complete information on MLA documentation, please consult this manual. Copies are available at the Writing Center, in the Rensselaer Library, and for purchase in the Rensselaer Bookstore. Sources are acknowledged in two locations in your document: a "Works Cited" page and In-Text Citations.

The "Works Cited" Page

All sources you use must be listed alphabetically at the end of your document on a page titled "Works Cited," which is centered on the page at the top of the document. The listing begins two lines down from this title; each citation is single spaced, but a double space is used to separated citations, thus:

Works Cited

Author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if

any).

Book Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication:

Publishers,

Date of publication.

Next author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any).

Book Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication:

Publishers,

Date of publication.

The citations are not numbered. Each citation begins with a hanging indent, which means that the second and following lines of each entry are indented five spaces under the first.

Materials from different kinds of sources, such as journal articles, books and the Internet, are cited in slightly different ways.

Examples:

Citing a Book

Format:

Author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). Book

Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication: Publishers, Date of

publication.

Example: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Loose Canons: Notes on the Culture Wars. Oxford UP, 1992. Citing a Journal Article

Format:

Author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). "Title of the article in quotation marks." Name of the Journal (underlined or italicized), Volume number, (Year): page numbers for the entire article.

Example:

Williams, Joan G. "Accelerated Fault Simulation: A Deductive Approach." Circuits Quarterly, 9 (1992): 212-220.

Citing the Internet

Format:

Author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). Descriptor or "Title of article in quotations marks." Internet. (Date the article was posted, if given.)Available: Internet address. Date you accessed the material.

Example:

Honeycutt, Lee. Communication and Design Course Web Site. Internet. (1997) Available: Jan. 1998. Citing a Chapter Format:

Author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). "Title of the chapter in quotation marks." In Book Title (underlined or italicized). First, middle and last name of the editor, Ed. City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication, pages on which the chapter appears.

Example:

Fraser, Kathleen. " The Tradition of Marginality." In Where We Stand: Women Poets on Literary Tradition. Sharon Bryan, Ed. NY: W.W. Norton, 1993, 52-65.

Citing a Book with more than one author

Format:

First author’s last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any) and second author’s first, middle, and last name. Book Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication.

Example: Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Imagination. New Haven: Yale UP, 1979. In-text Citations

Any material in your document which derives from other sources whether by direct quotation, paraphrase, or inspiration must be attributed immediately and the sources named either by direct reference or by parenthetical citation. Direct Reference

If it can be smoothly done, sources may be cited directly in your text. Examples:

In a stunning scene on page 27, Bronte reveals the source of

Heathcliff’s inner torment: "in an uncontrollable passion of

tears [ , ] ‘Come in! come in!’ he sobbed. ‘Cathy do come.’

"

According to Henry Louis Gates, "[ r ]ace is the ultimate

trope of difference" (49).

Any information not given directly in the text, must be cited parenthetically (within parentheses).

Parenthetical Citation

A parenthetical citation must include (if not already given) the first word of the listing of the source on the works-cited page (most usually the author’s last

【篇四】:英语论文参考文献格式

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格, 如某一条目超过一行,从第二行起 “悬挂

缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入,标点符号后空一格。

参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓

氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如:

Brinkleyork: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。

例如:

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Brontë: Jane EyreNew York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,

中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个

引用英文参考文献格式

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